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catadioptric system
A catadioptric optical system is one where refraction and reflection are combined in an optical system, usually via lenses (dioptrics) and curved mirrors (catoptrics). Catadioptric combinations are used in focusing systems such as search lights, headlamps, early lighthouse focusing systems, optical telescopes, microscopes, and telephoto lenses. Other optical systems that use lenses and mirrors are also referred to as "catadioptric" such as surveillance catadioptric sensors.
== Early catadioptric systems ==
Catadioptric combinations have been used in many early optical systems. In the 1820s, Augustin-Jean Fresnel developed several catadioptric lighthouse reflectors.〔(The Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1911 )〕 Léon Foucault developed a catadioptric microscope in 1859 to counteract aberrations of using a lens to image objects at high power.〔(William Tobin, The life and science of Léon Foucault: the man who proved the earth rotates William Tobin, page 214 )〕 In 1876 a French engineer, A. Mangin, invented what has come to be called the Mangin mirror, a concave glass reflector with the silver surface on the rear side of the glass. The two surfaces of the reflector have different radii to correct the aberration of the spherical mirror. Light passes through the glass twice, making the overall system act like a triplet lens.〔(Optical design fundamentals for infrared systems By Max J. Riedl )〕 Mangin mirrors were used in searchlights where they produced a nearly true parallel beam. Many Catadioptric telescopes use negative lenses with a reflective coating on the backside that are referred to as “Mangin mirrors”, although they are not single element objectives like the original Mangin and some even predate the Mangin's invention.〔(- Vladimir Sacek, telescope-optics.net, Notes on AMATEUR TELESCOPE OPTICS, CATADIOPTRIC TELESCOPES, 10.2.1 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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